Process of consolidating or waterproofing mortar



e. cowosmows,

comma OR PLASTIG Examiner 1 Patented Dec. 15, 1942 PROCESS OF OONSOLIDATING 0R WATERPROOFING MORTAR Carl Letters, Cologne-Braunsield, Germany;

No Drawing.

Claims.

This invention relates to a process of consolidating or water-proofing or tightening mortar, the expression mortar including both lime mortar and cement mortar and mixtures thereof of compositions ordinarily used.

It is the aim of the present invention to achieve the well-known very good consolidating or water-proofing efiect of the li g i e soapior med in the mortar itself with the free lime when iatty acids of high molecular weight are incorporated Harem in such a manner that the formation of Dersed ty acids, which n y ct lik 2 1 the lime soap takes place in the finest possible lime-water spontaneously with formation of distributed form and so that on the one hand coarse flakes, with the aid of such emulsifiers the maximum possible protective eflect is oband protective colloids and the anti-foaming tained and on the other hand scum formation is agent. This is made possible only by the propat the same time practically completely preventerty exhibited by the emulsion, of being able to ed. To this end, in accordance with the present contain free fatty acids and alkali hydroxide invention, fatt oi hih molecular wei t, without producin e typical alkali soap reacor a mixture of the same, with saggniable fats tions. Evidently there is Present in t ins ance and/or oils, are emulsified in alkaline solution 2" a sus n i n olloid and not, as in the case of with simultaneous employment 0 non-saponifisoaps, an emulsion colloid. With my emulsion able oils and/or fatt substances in the presence colloid, whic forms a suspension colloid, When msifiers and protective colloids, such as shaken p v y. n am can be observed albumenoid substances or degradation roducts in t d on 1 h W t r, in contrast to a of the same, su'ch' as Inc of low swelling power 2 true soap solution of similar concentration, any and increased solubi y m water, and sulphit foam or scum bubbles which have formed breakspent li uor, the resulting emulsion being incors instantaneously on standing, s being not porafea with the mortar during tEe mixing, the case with the soap solution, which forms a The term protective colloid is used to i ditrue emulsion colloid. Moreover, the viscosity of cate that tlT emiflsi'iiiiiifitains substances t emulsion s v y s ll mpar d with that or which, in addition to the efiect of the dispersive the s p solution, the comparative Value being emulsifier Pmper J2, f9t et,, neein ion agai t approximately 10% of the value for a glycerine coagulating influences. In the present case, the s n t e as 00%. Thus. a hydrated soa 'r's'iilt is thus obtained that when the saponiflrepresenting now, containing 8% able substances, which are in fine minus: q aci Potassium ydr x n 89% sheaves the free lime of the mortar, no coarse w h is found to e Visoosity of 49 centiflakes of soap are ior'me'djbut the flakes of soap P This high V ue is due to the characterare gradually formgg in extremely fingly d d istic strong hydration of the soap molecules. If conditio according to my method here described a mix- "may be considered that the albumepoids and 40 time i m f leic cid, 3% potassium hygrlphite waste liquor constitute argy for droxide %d7 i Mastelium, 5% a bumen fatty aoids" and non-saponiflable mineral Bil, Moe an 0 water there results a viscosity ii "The water-proofing effect or theemulsion in o o 4. c n ip is shydration is strongreaction with the mortar is consequently pro- 1y min l k wis the foaming ability, which duced by the formation or lime-soaps m the flnme ns t the system as t ned int a susEen- J est state of distribution, avoiding at the same Eon colloid and that the combined albumentime any scum film which loosens the mortar Shite waste liguor-emgsifier is to Be considered structure and reduces the coherency. This is at- 8 c r r of the emulsion. tamed, according to the invention, in that: The following examples illustrate the orma- 1. Use is made of the combined antifoaming tion of the highly dispersed lime soaps using emulsifier; and rotective colloid effect of an o my emulsion: D servably ohen 'ically'reactifig mix'tiif'oi sulphite '5 grams of potash soap (8% oleic acid) and spgntliguor and albumeiioidsorother protective 5 grams of the foregoing emulsion (8% oleic -Tiolloid. The existence of this reaction is evidenced by the formation of xanthoprotein.

vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application June 2, 1941, Serial No. In Germany December 14, 1934 2. The fatty acids of high molecular weight or a ointment? with saponifiable tats or oils are not employed alone bitiiffiiziture with nonsa .l lesilsaes le e: s n suitable saponifiable substances are oleic acid, stearic acid, abietic acid, linolenic acid. Slll able nonsaponifiafile 05 is mineral oil.

It has hitherto not been known that the limesoaps could be formed in the mortar in the finest state of subdivision by introducing highly disacid) were each separately E olved in water and made up to cubic centimeters. Hter the addition of 10 grams of Portland cement to each sample, the mixture was en orously 20 times in a measuring cylinder and after standing for 15 minutes the sediment which had formed was read off. This amounted in the case of the soap solution to 40 cubic centimeters of granularT'fiaky parts, a portion of the cement forming a stiff mass with the foam on the top. In the case of the emulsion, the sediment amounted to 14 cubic centimeters of very fine particles, the overlying solution containing a turbid milk if some cement with emulsion partia'sf' 'l'he scum or am a ve e liquid, had broken or decomposed. A comparison test without addition of my emulsion yielded a sediment of 12 cubic centimeters.

This shows that in spite of the presence of free fatty acids and free alkali in the emulsion, stability cannot be attained by means of soaps, but only by the addition of a commsigen ul; il1fier constituted of albumenoid substances and 5 Elite wasteliiqiior. As thorough experiments Have shown, it is not possible to produce a useful, stable emulsion with one of the components alone, so that this combination is of quite special importance.

According to the known processes it is desirable either to add lime-soaps to the morta either in the finest posnblstate of subdivision or to cause them to be so formed therein. This latter is extremely diflicult on account of the extraordinarily high reactivity of the lime-soaps, if the lime-soaps are added to the mortar in a completely formed state, the fatty substances are combined either with the e or with the clay and slate and absorbed. suspms, which are mostly pasty and which exist when the formed lime soaps are added to the mortar, must in no case be less than microns, whereas that of clear emulsions is far below this and of the order of 0.1 micron. My emulsion therefore gives also, with any desired water dilution, clear or only faintly turbid stable solutions, whereas the suspensions due to addition of complete lime soaps form sediments rapidly. Inasmuch as the range and preserving effect rapidly increase with the reduction of the particle size, this shows that the present invention constitutes a substantial advance.

That a fine dispersion is often desirabl in order to attain a. more intensive effect, is generally known; however, the solution of the problem proposed in the present process has nothing to do with the dispersion, for instance by a he grain size of such solidating effect of which in the mortar is based chiefly on the formation of water-repellent limesoaps. In this instance, thfibiec'tls to prevent scum formation.

The improvement which is attained according to the invention is clearly shown by the following table of different samples of mortar:

One mortar which has been tested had the composition Parts by weight Cement 1 Band of mixed grain sizes 3 Water, containing 2% of the tightening emulsifier medium, (percentage calculated on The favorable results achieved by the use of emulsions in accordance with the present invention including reduction of scum film is due to the fact that the jetty acids of high molecular weight or a mixture EEETIi'WTt'h'EappnifiabIe fats or oils are mixed with unsappnifiable oils and/or {its and the fatty acimr'mixtures are then emulsified with albi'fm'efi in combination with sulphite spent liquor i alkaline solution. lestsliave sfiowi that albumen products alone 40 are not sufficiently efiective as regards scum or Plauson colloid m'ill. It has also been suggested N that the generally prejudicial, loosening eflfect of scum forming colloid substances in the mortar may be prevented by addition of small quantities of salts of hi her fatt acids or sul honation roduct of such higher fatty acids. Comfiara ively large quantities of ETEumenold substance with a little addition of scum or foamreventin media are used. The water-proofih'g' of "me oiter Is in such cases not effected by lime-soaps as in the case of the present invention, but it is based upon the consolidating effect of albumenoid substances, which are easily moistenable substances dissolved in water in a more or less molecularly dispersed form.

v The water-proofing process of the present inventionprovides atrue emulsion which, for prein scuin.or.. oaeiioimaioa contiis'fit only unsaponi fiable oils and/or fatty subsg l fi,

but also tfi'ebombinedjlbumenoid sulphite spent liquor emulsifier, and the water-proofing and consion.

foam prevention and that on the other hand the sulphite spent liquor, if employed alone, did not emulsify satisfactorily and also did not prevent scum or foam formation completely and that both the albumen products and iilphite spent liquor must used. It was also necessary to add unsa oniiiable fatty substances.

It Has further Been ascertaln'dihat a stable emulsion had to be obtained in which free fatty mild exist side by side with free alkali mut forming a soap, this being recognized from the low viscosity of the emulsion of the order of 4.4 centipoises. This was achieved by employing albuminoids or equivalent and s l; lii'is ql tliquo r simultaneously, and a mixture of these substances with the fatty acids and unsaponifiable oils as free as possible from water was boiled in the presence of Wash lyef and then worked up with water to form a liquid emul When albumen is used, it appears that the sulphite spent liquor then reacts chemically with the albumen, probably in such a manner that glucoroteides are formed. Thus there may 55 used the mixture which has been mentioned above of 8% oleic acid 3% mtassium hydroxide 12% sul hi waste liquor 5% album and water. Soda I can be suB- statute 2a, but potash lye is preferable. In any case, the xantho-protein reactio and also other albumen reac ons are no onger given in a distinctive y posi ive manner. It would be very difficult to give a more detailed discussion herein concerning the chemical reactions. Apparently 75 the liaine sulphonic salt is especially effective 106. commas,

COAUNG onPlAsnc in the sulphite spent liquor for preventing the scum or foam formation.

According to the present invention, such emulsions can be prepared by treating fatty acids qi hi h molecularyygight, with or w hout saponifiableiatsand oils, in mixture with un sa"fiifi aay's tai r.. n 2st gcsain.sllk

on with employmentof em v colloi such as vegeta e' mucilages and W, lymeric carE'fio yfia't's, such as uminoid subWnt liquor arm a stable emulsiom As an example of my method may be mentio 5 kilograms of stearic acid are mixed with 6 ograms of minera 0 an here is added a mixture of 12 Elograms sulphitewaste and '7 kilograms albume o su s ance suc as 452 and there are a de ograms aim t s is then boiled at a temperature of 100 C. until a bond has resulted. Thereupon, the whole is allowed to cool to 85, and 6 kilograms of otash l e (50%) are added. After the reaction is completed, 44 kilograms of water heated to a to the mixtemperature of 60 C. are stirre ture.

If liquid fatty acids are used instead of stearic acid, a Highly dispersed 1i uid emulsion can be obtained. Ut'fier solid fatty acids wEcfi may be used are palmitic acid, and oleic acig As anggrtggof 80 C.

e emulsions produced in this manner dissolve in water either to a clear solution or with faint turbidity. Added to the mortar mixing water in a quantity of about 2 grams for 100 grams mortar, these emulsions make it possible to produce excellent water-proofing effects without impairing the quality or the mortar, this being due to the fact that the active substances can be distributed in the mortar in a highly dispersed state'and that the formation of waterrepellent lime-soaps owing to the protective effect of the emulsifiers takes place without formation of scum film and in such finely distributed form that the utmost preserving eflect is ensured. Another advantage 01 these emulsions is that they possess a high weti iggfiegt and reduce the amount of waternecessary for the mixing of the mortar, this being very important for obtaining proper coherency of the mortar. The amount of water required for mixing and forming the mo'rtar is reduced about 1 to 2% and this substantially increases the mortar solidity. The mortar so prepared is plastic, it does not break apart in a dry state, but is in itself coherent, and retains the wetting water.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of my original application Serial No. 53,933, filed December 11, 1935.

I claim:

1. A water-tight mortar formed by mixing substantially one part by weight of cement with three parts by weight of sand and ten parts by weight of conditioned water, said water containing substantially two percent by weight of the weight of cement, of a tightening medium formed by treating in a potash solution stearic acid in the presence of a chemically reacting mixture of sulphite waste liquor and albumen,

2. A water-tight mortar formed by mixing substantially one part by weight of cement with three parts by weight of sand and ten parts by weight of conditioned water, said water containing substantially two percent by weight of the weight of cement, of a tightening medium formed by boiling substantially five parts by weight of stearic acid with six parts by weight of mineral oil, twelve parts by weight of sulphite waste liquor and seven parts by weight of albumenoid substance, and adding after cooling six parts by weight of potash lye, and diluting with forty-four (44) parts by weight water.

3. A water-tight mortar formed by adding to afwet cement mortar a conditioner formed by boiling substantially five parts by weight of stearic acid with six parts by weight of mineral oil, twelve parts by weight of sulphite waste liquor and seven parts by weight albumenoid substance, and adding after cooling six parts by weight potash lye, and diluting with forty-four (i4) parts by weight water.

4. A water-tight mortar formed by adding to a wet lime mortar a conditioner formed by boiling substantially five parts by weight of stearic acid with six parts by weight of mineral oil, twelve parts by weight of sulphite waste liquor and seven parts by weight albumenoid substance,

and adding after cooling six parts by weight potash lye. and diluting with forty-four (44) parts by weight water.

- 5.. A water-tight mortar formed by mixing substantially one part by weight of cement with three parts by weight of sand and ten parts by weight of conditioned water, said water containing substantially two percent by weight of the weight of cement, of a tightening medium formed by boiling ten parts by weight oleic acid, five parts by weight mineral oil, ten parts by weight albumenoid substance and fifteen parts by weight sulphite waste liquor, and adding after cooling four parts by weight potash lye, and diluting with fifty-six (56) parts by weight of water.

CARL LETTERS.

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